The ICT Use of Informal Digital Learning in Enhancing EFL University Students’ English Performance

Abstract

Due to its proximity to English online platforms, an informal environment provides a wide variety of information, communication, and technology (ICT) resources for language learning. This study elaborates on how EFL students perceive the ICT use in informal digital learning of English (IDLE) and how they engage in IDLE activities across individual differences. A total of 993 full-time undergraduate and postgraduate students in Indonesia participated in this study. An online survey and focus group discussion were employed to explore the most frequent IDLE activities, preferred devices, and barriers to performance of those activities. The results depicted that all participants had positive responses to using ICT in their IDLE activities. Playing online games, watching YouTube videos, and engaging in social media information were the behaviors that were undertaken most frequently across all personality differences. Regarding device preferences, most participants tend to use their smartphones rather than other devices (i.e., laptops and tablets). The common barrier faced by the participant was the internet connection. However, the prices of the applications and the ICT competence were the minor barriers experienced by the participants. English language educators may consider the results of this study. Thus, they can discover the solutions to overcome the barriers hindering the students from adopting ICT for their informal learning.