Fostering Intercultural Competence through UNESCO Story Circles: A Virtual Exchange Case Study with EFL Learners
PDF

Keywords

Computer-Assisted Language learning (CALL)
competence for democratic culture (CDC)
intercultural communication
UNESCO Story Circle
virtual exchange
EFL learning

How to Cite

Fostering Intercultural Competence through UNESCO Story Circles: A Virtual Exchange Case Study with EFL Learners. (2025). Computer-Assisted Language Learning Electronic Journal, 26(6), 110-123. https://doi.org/10.54855/

Abstract

The integration of technology in education has opened new avenues for promoting global citizenship and democratic culture among EFL learners through virtual exchanges and intercultural dialogue. This study explores, from the learners’ perspective, the integration and effectiveness of UNESCO Story Circles as reflective activities in the context of a virtual exchange involving 22 EFL university students from Costa Rica and Japan. A mixed-method approach was used.  By analyzing participants’ feedback, the research demonstrates how the use of UNESCO Story Circle within a virtual exchange fosters the development of some competences for democratic culture and critical reflection. Ultimately, the findings highlight the role virtual exchanges and UNESCO Story Circles in enhancing global citizenship and supporting inclusive intercultural dialogue in EFL education.

PDF

References

Abe, M., & Beecroft, R. (2024). Fostering primary students’ competences for democratic culture in EFL. Language Teaching for Young Learners, 6 (2), 243 – 269. https://doi.org/10.1075/ltyl.00055.abe

Akyildiz, S.T. & Kaya, V.D. (2023). An instrument for enhancing intercultural communication competence and speaking proficiency in EFL settings: Story Circle. In D. Kalay (Ed.), Language Horizons: Diverse Vistas in English Language Pedagogy II (pp. 8-36). BIDGE Publications. https://www.bidgeyayinlari.com.tr/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Ingiliz-Dili-Egitimi-2.pdf#page=8

Arasaratnam-Smith, L.A., & Deardorff, D.K. (2022). Developing intercultural competence in higher education: International students’ stories and self-reflection. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003229551

Barrett, M., De Bivar Black, L., Byram, M., Faltýn, J., Gudmundson, L., Van’t Land, H., Lenz, C., Mompoint-Gaillard, P., Popović, M., Rus, C., Sala, S., Voskresenskaya, N., & Zgaga, P. (2018). Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture: Volume 1: Context, concepts and model. Council of Europe Publishing. https://tinyurl.com/wuo6mhj

Byram, M. (1997). Teaching and assessing intercultural communicative competence. Multilingual Matters.

Byram, M., & Wagner, M. (2018). Making a difference: Language teaching for intercultural and international dialogue. Foreign Language Annals, 51(1), 140-151. https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.12319

Byram, M., Gribkova, B., & Starkey, H. (2002). Developing the Intercultural Dimension in Language Teaching: a practical introduction for teachers. https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1562524/1/Starkey_InterculturalDimensionByram.pdf

Cofie, N., Braund, H., & Dalgarno, N. (2022). Eight ways to get a grip on intercoder reliability using qualitative-based measures. Canadian Medical Education Journal, 13(2), 73–76. https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.72504

Deardorff, D.K. (2020). Manual for Developing Intercultural Competences: Story Circles. UNESCO/Routledge. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000370336

Ergai, A., Peterson, S., Shan, G., & Smith, S. (2022, June 26-29). Improving communication skills in global engineers: Adapting the UNESCO story circles method in undergraduate engineering programs [Paper presentation]. 2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Minneapolis, MN, United States. https://peer.asee.org/40608

Evidence-Validated Online Learning through Virtual Exchange Project Team (2020). The impact of virtual exchange on student learning in higher education: EVOLVE Project Report. http://hdl.handle.net/11370/d69d9923-8a9c-4b37-91c6-326ebbd14f17

Fast, T. (2023). UNESCO Story Circles in a TESOL context. International Forum of Teaching and Studies, 19(1), 44–25. https://americanscholarspress.us/journals/IFST/pdf/IFOTS-1-2023/IFOTSV19N1-Art4_v2.pdf

Fernández Peraza, A. V., & Furumura, Y. (2022). Project-based learning to develop intercultural communicative competence in virtual exchange contexts. International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching, 12(3), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcallt.307059

Fernández Peraza, A. V., & Furumura, Y. (2023, November 22-25). Integration of UNESCO Story Circles in a virtual exchange project with EFL learners from Costa Rica and Japan [Paper presentation]. 1st International Collaborative Congress UCR-LAALTA “Integrating the global and the local: Current language teaching and language assessment practices in Latin America”, San José, Costa Rica. https://congresolenguas.ucr.ac.cr/en/

Giménez Milán, C. & Acosta Güemes, L. (2023). Intercultural competence in healthcare higher education: Adapting UNESCO Story Circles method in medical education. Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3196527/v1

Giménez Milán, C. (2025). UNESCO Story Circles for developing intercultural competences in higher education students within a heterogeneous society context. Journal de Ciencias Sociales, 1(24), 106-118. https://doi.org/10.18682/jcs.v1i24.11627

Golubeva, I. & Porto, M. (2022). Educating democratically and interculturally competent citizens: A virtual exchange between university students in Argentina and the USA. Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research 10(3), 9-27. https://doi.org/10.30466/ijltr.2022.121223

Hagley, E. (2020). Effects of virtual exchange in the EFL classroom on students’ cultural and intercultural sensitivity. Computer-Assisted Language Learning Electronic Journal, 21(3), 74–87. https://callej.org/index.php/journal/article/view/312/243

Helm, F., & O’Dowd, R. (2020, September). Virtual exchange and its role in blended mobility initiatives [Position Paper]. https://www.unicollaboration.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Position-paper-on-Blended-Mobility.pdf.

Kabir, R. S., & Sponseller, A. C. (2020). Interacting with competence: A validation study of the self-efficacy in intercultural communication scale-short form. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2086. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2020.02086

McAllister, L., Whiteford, G., Hill, B., Thomas, N., & Fitzgerald, M. (2006). Reflection in intercultural learning: examining international experience through a critical incident approach. Reflective Practice, 7(3), 367–381. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623940600837624

McConachy, T. (2017). 4. Reflection on experience as a resource for intercultural learning. In Developing Intercultural Perspectives on Language Use: Exploring Pragmatics and Culture in Foreign Language Learning (pp. 91-119). Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781783099337-007

Nardon, L. (2019). Reflection and intercultural competence development. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Business and Management. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190224851.013.64

Nguyen, N. D.-N., Leung, A. H., Hien, H.-T., & Thiet, N.-T. (2024). The impact of virtual exchanges using english as a lingua franca on students’ linguistic and intercultural competence. TESL-EJ, 28(3). https://doi.org/10.55593/ej.28111a1

O’Dowd, R. (2021). Virtual exchange: Moving forward into the next decade. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 34(3), 209–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2021.1902201

O'Dowd, R. (2022). Internationalising higher education and the role of virtual exchange. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315393704

Orsini-Jones, M., & Lee, F. (2018). Intercultural communicative competence for global citizenship: Identifying rules of engagement in telecollaboration. Palgrave MacMillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58103-7

Rauschert P. and Cardetti F. (2022). Fostering democratic competences in learners: An interdisciplinary international experience. Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research, 10(3), 29–41. https://doi.org/10.30466/ijltr.2022.121224

Santibanez, B., & Hoskins, B. (2023). 2023 Review of the implementation of the Council of Europe Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture (RFCDC). https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/2023-review-of-the-implementation-of-the-council-of-europe-refere

Sellami, A. S. (2025). Unveiling the world through stories: Fostering EFL learners’ intercultural sensitivity through storytelling circles. Journal Of Languages & Translation, 5(1), 227-245. https://doi.org/10.70204/jlt.v5i1.444

Tahboub, R. (2024). Virtual exchange as a mechanism for digital education. In L. Conti & F. Lenehan (Ed.), Lifewide Learning in Postdigital Societies: Shedding Light on Emerging Culturalities (pp. 189-212). Bielefeld: transcript Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783839468890-011

Van Rompay-Bartels, I., Watkins, C., Zijlstra, L., & Geessink, J. (2024). Assessing the impact of intercultural virtual collaboration on global citizenship education. In I. Muenstermann (Ed.), Belonging in Culturally Diverse Societies - Official Structures and Personal Customs. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1006665

Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). Sage.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2025 Author and CALL-EJ