Abstract
The current study examines the use and perception of Online Technology Tools (OTTs) by Vietnamese students in a translation class. Using the Actor-Network Theory put out by Latour (1987, 2005) and Bourdieu's concept of habitus (1977, 1990), the study collected data from observations to investigate how technology affected students' decision-making as they generated translations. The study also addressed students’ perceptions of the accuracy and benefits of these tools by employing survey questionnaires and focus group interviews. The results indicated that students engaged with a range of OTTs, including Google Translate, ChatGPT, and DeepL. Students' habitus could have an impact on students’ translation process, and technology was a major factor in the approaches and solutions translators selected. Besides, students perceived these tools as increasingly accurate, with ChatGPT and DeepL particularly excelling in handling complex translations. However, their effectiveness varies based on text type and complexity. Employing technology tools for translation assignments was believed to have positive effects on students’ confidence, convenience, time efficiency, and motivation. Taking those findings into consideration, pedagogical implications are discussed for creating best practices for handling technology use to enhance translation training in a Vietnamese setting.
References
Abdallah, K. (2012). Translators in production networks: Reflections on agency, quality and ethics [Doctoral dissertation, University of Eastern Finland].
Adlet, K., Zhanagul, S., Tolkin, Y., Olga, F., Nazymgul, A., & Kadir, N. (2022). Interactive Educational Technologies as a Factor in the Development of the Subjectivity of University Students. World Journal on Educational Technology: Current Issues, 14(3), 533-543. https://doi.org/10.18844/wjet.v14i3.7269
Alcina, A., Soler, V., & Granell, J. (2007). Translation technology skills acquisition. Perspectives: Studies in Translatology, 15(4), 230-244.
Aldossary, K. (2021). Online distance learning for translation subjects: tertiary level instructors’ and students’ perceptions in saudi arabia. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 22(3), 95-109.
Alkhawaja, L. (2024). Unveiling the New Frontier: ChatGPT-3 Powered Translation for Arabic-English Language Pairs. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 14(2), 347-357.
Anderson, D. (1995). Machine translation as a tool in second language learning. CALICO Journal, 13(1), 68-97.
Arfiana, A. (2022). Correlation between students’ writing ability and learning motivation in google translate writing class [Doctoral dissertation, IAIN Palangka Raya].
Bangun, E. U. P. (2021). Translation tool technology trend: What are the impacts for the students? International Journal of Educational Management & Innovation, 2(1). Article 3174. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/ijemi.v2i1.3174
Bangun, E. U. P. B., & Mustafa, S. M. (2021). Translation tool technology trend: what are the impacts for the students. International Journal of Educational Management and Innovation, 2(1), 77-87. https://doi.org/10.12928/ijemi.v2i1.3174
Baskara, R. (2023). Exploring the implications of ChatGPT for language learning in higher education. Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 7(2), 343-358. http://dx.doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v7i2.1387.
Bilic, V. (2020). The online computer-assisted translation classroom. Translation & Interpreting: The International Journal of Translation and Interpreting Research, 12(1), 127-141. https://doi.org/10.12807/ti.112201.2020.a08
Bui, L. V. K. (2023). Teaching translation: Issues and methods. Vietnam Journals Online. https://vjol.info.vn/index.php/tctbgd/article/download/97978/82748/
Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a theory of practice. Cambridge University Press.
Bourdieu, P. (1990). The logic of practice. Polity Press.
Bonsu, E. M., & Baffour-Koduah, D. (2023). From the consumers’ side: Determining students’ perception and intention to use ChatGPT in Ghanaian higher education. Journal of Education, Society & Multiculturalism, 4(1), 1-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jesm-2023-0001
Buzelin, H. (2008). Translations' in the making'. In Constructing a sociology of translation (pp. 135-169). John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Chesterman, A. (2007). Bridge concepts in translation sociology. In M. Wolf & A. Fukari (Eds.), Constructing a sociology of translation (pp. 171-183). John Benjamins Publishing Company.
De Barra-Cusack, F. (2014). A User-Oriented Study of Metadata in focal. ie (Doctoral dissertation, Dublin City University).
de Lima Costa, C. (2013). Equivocation, translation, and performative interseccionality: Notes on decolonial feminist practices and ethics in latin america. A GLO N, 73.
Díaz-Cintas, J. (2009). Audiovisual translation. The Bloomsbury Companion to Language Industry Studies (p. 209). http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350024960
Díaz-Cintas, J. (2015). Technological strides in subtitling. In S. Chan (Ed.), The Routledge encyclopedia of translation technology (pp. 632-643). Routledge.
García, I. (2010). Can Machine Translation Help the Language Learner? ICT for Language Learning Proceedings 2010. Retrieved from http://conference.pixelonline.net/ICT4LL2010/common/download/Proceedings_pdf/TRAD02- Garcia.pdf
Garcia, I., & Pena, M. I. (2011). Machine translation-assisted language learning: writing for beginners. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 24(5), 471-487. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2011.582687
Gomaa, Y. A., AbuRaya, R., & Omar, A. (2019, September). The effects of information technology and e-learning systems on translation pedagogy and productivity of EFL learners. In 2019 International Conference on Innovation and Intelligence for Informatics, Computing, and Technologies (3ICT) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Gouanvic, J. M. (2005). A Bourdieusian theory of translation, or the coincidence of practical instances: Field,‘habitus’, capital and ‘illusio’. The translator, 11(2), 147-166.
Hairunnisa. (2023). Students' perception on using Duolingo application in Increasing English learning motivation. Jakarta: Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University.
Halim, S. W. (2019). Translation technology for student translators: A Study on Perceptions. Journal of English Teaching as a Foreign Language, 5(1), 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24127/pj.v13i1.8731
Inghilleri, M. (2005). The sociology of Bourdieu and the construction of the ‘object’in translation and interpreting studies. The translator, 11(2), 125-145. https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2005.10799195
Jiménez-Crespo, M. A. (2015). The Internet in translation education: Two decades later. Translation and Interpreting Studies. The Journal of the American Translation and Interpreting Studies Association, 10(1), 33-57. https://doi.org/10.1075/tis.10.1.03jim.
Josefsson, E. (2011). Contemporary approaches to translation in the classroom: A study of students' attitudes and strategies. (Unpublished manuscript or doctoral thesis)
Kenny, D. (Ed.). (2017). Human issues in translation technology. London and New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315648934
Kovalevskaitė, J., & Vaičenonienė, J. (2015). The use of technology in teaching and learning translation: student opinion survey. Sustainable Multilingualism/Darnioji daugiakalbystė, (7), 160-180. https://doi.org/10.7220/2335-2027.7
Kučiš, V., & Seljan, S. (2014). The role of online translation tools in language education. Babel, 60(3), 303-324.
Kung, S. W. (2021). Critical theory of technology and actor-network theory in the examination of techno-empowered online collaborative translation practice: TED Talks on the Amara subtitle platform as a case study. Babel, 67(1), 75-98.
Latour, B. (1987). Science in action: How to follow scientists and engineers through society. Harvard University Press.
Latour, B. (2005). Reassembling the social: An introduction to Actor-Network-Theory. Oxford University Press
Le, T. T., & Pham, T. T. (2025). Exploring the dynamics of intergenerational English language teaching: insights from Vietnamese EFL educators. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 1-15.
Lewis, D. (1997). Machine translation in a modern languages curriculum. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 10, 255-271. https://doi.org/10.1080/0958822970100305.
Liu, J., Wang, C., & Liu, S. (2023). Utility of ChatGPT in clinical practice. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e48568. https://doi.org/10.2196/48568
Luo, W. (2020). Translation as Actor-Networking: Actors, Agencies, and Networks in the Making of Arthur Waley’s English Translation of the Chinese'Journey to the West'. Routledge.
Marito, S., & Ashari, E. (2017). EFL students’perception about machine translation. Jurnal Dimensi, 6(2), xx–xx.
Marsh, P. (2023). How models can translate the lived experience of rheumatoid arthritis into material and form (Doctoral dissertation, University of Brighton).
Meylaerts, R. (2008). Translators and (their) norms: Towards a sociological construction of the individual. In A. Pym, M. Shlesinger & D. Simeoni (Eds.), Beyond descriptive translation studies: Investigations in homage to Gideon Toury (pp. 91-102). John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Munkova, D., Munk, M., Welnitzova, K., & Jakabovicova, J. (2021). Product and process analysis of machine translation into the inflectional language. Sage Open, 11(4), 21582440211054501. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211054501
Nugroho, R. A., Basari, A., Suryaningtyas, V. W., & Cahyono, S. P. (2020, September). University students’ perception of online learning in Covid-19 pandemic: A case study in a translation course. In 2020 International Seminar on Application for Technology of Information and Communication (iSemantic) (pp. 225-231). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iSemantic50169.2020.9234251
Nuryakin, N., Rakotoarizaka, N. L. P., & Musa, H. G. (2023). The effect of perceived usefulness and perceived easy to use on student satisfaction the mediating role of attitude to use online learning. APMBA (Asia Pacific Management and Business Application), 11(3), 323-336. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.apmba.2023.011.03.5
O'Hagan, M. (2002). Translation-Mediated Communication in a Digital World--Facing the Challenges of Globalization and Localization. Multilingual Matters Ltd.
O’HAGAN, M. I. N. A. K. O. (2017). Deconstructing translation crowdsourcing with the case of a Facebook initiative: a translation network of engineered autonomy and trust?. In In D. Kenny (Ed.), Human issues in translation technology (pp. 43-62). Routledge.
Omolu, F. A., & Mappewali, A. (2024). The impact of translation tools towards student translators’skills. Premise: Journal of English Education and Applied Linguistics, 13(1), 340-364.
Pham, N. T. B., & Tran, T. M. (2025). Students’ Perceptions of AI Language Models as Virtual Assistants in Learning Writing-A Case Study at a Tertiary Institution. International Journal of TESOL & Education, 5(2), 87-115. https://doi.org/10.54855/ijte.25525
Qin, J., & Stapleton, P. (Eds.). (2022). Technology in second language writing: Advances in composing, translation, writing pedagogy and data-driven learning. Taylor & Francis.
Raído, V. E. (2013). Investigating the web search behaviors of translation students: An exploratory and multiple-case study. New Voices in Translation Studies, 10(1).
Risku, H., & Windhager, F. (2013). Extended translation: A sociocognitive research agenda. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies, 25(1), 33-45.
Roslaini, R., & Nugroho, S. B. (2023). Implementation of Classroom Management in Students’ Perceptions Using Google Translate in Writing Scientific Articles. Mudir: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 5(2), 437-451.
Saldanha, G., & O’Brien, S. (2014). Research methodologies in translation studies. Routledge
Sharma, N., & Joshi, H. (2024). Traditional Vs Modern English Language Teaching Methods: Study Based on a Survey. MIER Journal of Educational Studies Trends and Practices, 21-36.
Simeoni, D. (1998). The pivotal status of the translator's habitus. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies, 10(1), 1-39.
Trang, N. M. (2024). Common online technical tools for translation: students’choices, perceptions, and translation strategies used. European Journal of Multilingualism and Translation Studies, 4(1).
Truong, H. L. (2023). ChatGPT in education-a global and vietnamese research overview.
Turiman, S., C Suppiah, P., Nozakiah Tazijan, F., Ravinthra Nath, P., & Shamshul Bahrn, F. F. (2023). Online Collaborative Translation in Translation Classrooms: Students’ Perceptions and Attitudes. Arab World English Journal for Translation & Literary Studies, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol7no3.1
Wang, L., Xu, S., & Liu, K. (2024). Understanding Students' Acceptance of ChatGPT as a Translation Tool: A UTAUT Model Analysis. arXiv Preprint. https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.06254
Wijaya, K. F. (2020). Undergraduate Students Perceptions On Extensive Reading Strategy In Vocabulary Class. PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education), 3(5), 534-545. https://doi.org/10.22460/project.v3i5.p534-545
Wongseree, T. (2018). Understanding Thai fansubbing: Collaboration in fan communities translating a Korean TV show [Doctoral dissertation, Dublin City University]. DCU Online Research Access Service. http://doras.dcu.ie/22113/
Wongseree, T. (2020). Understanding Thai fansubbing practices in the digital era: A network of fans and online technologies in fansubbing communities. Perspectives, 28(4), 539-553. https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2019.1704991
Wongseree, T., O’Hagan, M., & Sasamoto, R. (2019). Contemporary global media circulation based on fan translation: A particular case of Thai fansubbing. Discourse, Context & Media, 32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2019.100330
Yannakoloulou, V. (2014). The influence of the habitus on translatorial style: Some methodological considerations based on the case of Yorgos Himonas’ rendering of Hamlet into Greek. In G. M. Vorderobermeier (Ed.), Remapping habitus in translation studies (pp. 163-182). Rodopi
Zhao, M. (2023). Teaching translation: Challenges and strategies. Studies in Linguistics and Literature, 7(3), 59-64. https://doi.org/10.22158/sll.v7n3p59

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 Author and CALL-EJ